Journal #14

 Vocabulary 

SCNT - Somatic cell nuclear transfer

The nucleus of a somatic (body) cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg in a procedure known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. The primary biological goal of SCNT is to reverse the differentiated status of a somatic cell in order to produce blastocysts from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be obtained for therapeutic or reproductive cloning.

Necrosis

It is the accidental death of the cells from the acute injury.

Bax and Bak 

 These are two nuclear-encoded proteins found in higher eukaryotes that can penetrate the mitochondrial outer membrane and cause apoptotic cell death.

Vocabulary: Journal #13

 

Journal #13: Vocabulary

Glucocorticoid 

A corticosteroid is a type of compound that belongs to the corticosteroid family (steroids). Glucocorticoids contain anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and they alter metabolism. They can be created naturally (hormones) or synthetically (drugs).

Autocrine signaling

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell, causing the cell to alter.

Agonist

When a chemical is coupled with a receptor, it causes a physiological response.

Eicosanoids 

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules produced by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). 

 Journal #12 - Vocabulary 

Hello Journal readers,

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: 

This is a set of inherited nerve-damaging illnesses. The majority of the injury occurs in the arms and legs (peripheral nerves). This is a disease that can be caused from the mutations in the gap junctions where Cx32/B1 connexin protein is affected. It causes the muscles to smaller and weaker. Another name given to this disease is hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.

Collagen:

Major structural protein of the Extracellular matrix

Glycosaminoglycans:

GAGs are negatively charged polysaccharide molecules also known as mucopolysaccharides. They are made up of repeating disaccharide units found in all mammalian tissues. Their molecular structure determines their wide range of actions throughout the body.

Encounter blog #11

 

Hello,

I recently had a conversation with someone who claimed that liver cirrhosis is a disease that exclusively affects heavy drinkers. It's a common question that everybody with liver problems gets asked. However, this is not the case. Even people who have never tasted alcohol in their lifetimes can develop liver problems. This was something I was looking for while doing research for my assignment. I came across a flyer which said this condition in which individuals get diagnosed with liver damage without the intake of alcohol or any other types of drugs is called "Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or otherwise in some cases "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis" (NASH)" which in long term can further develop into liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. This means, there can be several reasons why someone gets liver diseases including obesity, hepatitis B and C, and diabetes. 

Below is a picture that I found in which the stages of liver damages can occur. 

https://depositphotos.com/216152820/stock-illustration-stages-liver-damage-concept-vector.html

https://cpmiclinical.com/studies/#!/study/3